Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Exercise Advice
What is a heart attack?
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when part of the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen-rich blood due to a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries. Without adequate blood supply, the affected heart tissue becomes damaged. It’s important to note that an MI is not the same as a cardiac arrest.
- MI = circulation problem (blocked artery).
- Cardiac arrest = electrical problem (the heart suddenly stops beating effectively).
The most common cause of MI is coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where plaque (fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances) builds up within the artery walls. Over time, this plaque can rupture and form a blood clot, blocking blood flow to the heart muscle.
Depending on the severity and location of the blockage, treatment may include:
- Stent insertion (to open the blocked artery)
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery
- Medications to dissolve clots, stabilise plaque, and support cardiac function
Is It Safe to Exercise After a Heart Attack?
Yes, once cleared by your cardiologist or cardiac rehabilitation team.
Exercise is a critical part of recovery, but the timing, intensity, and type of activity must be individually prescribed, especially in the early stages.
How Does Exercise Help After a Heart Attack?
Regular, guided exercise plays a major role in secondary prevention and improving long-term outcomes. It helps by:
- Preventing further cardiovascular disease: exercise helps manage the root causes of heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and inflammation.
- Slowing or preventing further narrowing of the arteries: movementimproves blood vessel health, helpingmaintain elasticity, and reducing the risk of additional plaque buildup.
- Improving blood flow and circulation: exercise enhances the body’s ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients, supporting both the heart and working muscles.
- Reducing the workload on the heart: astronger cardiovascular system allows the heart to pump more efficiently, lowering resting heart rate and blood pressure.
- Enhancing exercise tolerance: over time, everyday tasks feel easier and less tiring, reducing strain on the heart with daily activities.
Improved Heart Function and Health with Exercise
- Increased Strength and Endurance:many people experience reduced activity levels, leading to deconditioning. Exercise rebuilds muscular strength and cardiovascularendurance, so daily tasks become easier.
- Improved Energy and Reduced Fatigue: better circulation and oxygen delivery help combat the persistent fatigue many people experience post-MI. Consistent training boosts energy levels and enhances day-to-day stamina.
- Enhanced Breathing Efficiency: aerobic exercise improves breathing patterns and increases lung efficiency. This means less breathlessness during activities and a more comfortable return to normal routines.
- Increased Confidence in Movement: aheart attack can create a fear of exertion. Guided exercise rebuilds trust in your body, reduces anxiety around physical activity, and empowers you to move with confidence.
- Improved Quality of Life: as fitness, strength, energy levels, and self-efficacy improve, most people experience bettermood, reduced stress, and an overall sense of wellbeing.
Written by Sophie Annear
Accredited Exercise Physiologist myPhysioSA Marden
